Health Club 4 You All

This page have some tips for teenager who are suffer from pimple in their face.

Home Remedies for Pimple Free skin:

Whenever we met to anybody at first time, we capture his/her appearance in our memory espcially the face. The face should be clear and clean so it increase your personality. Pimple is a commom problem face by mostly teenager and also other ager also. If you neglect or unseen this problem so it become serious problem. Be aware about it, here we have some tip to control the pimple

Tips for Pimple Free skin:

Regularly shampoo your hair.

Avoid unnecessarily touching your affected areas.

Change your dirty cloths , always wear clean and fresh cloth.

Wash your face twice a day with mild soap.

Avoid over make-up, only wear on special occasions.

Try to minimize your stress levels.

Keep a food diary to work out.

WASH using an oil-free cleanser and your bare hands

Sleep enough, relaxation, are necessities, not luxuries. Physical exhaustion and stress are enemies of a clear complexion.

Launder your sheets frequently - don't lay that freshly washed face on a less than fresh pillowcase!

Water is essential to clear skin. You've heard it before, but here we go again: Drink at least eight glasses of water a day.

Baby your skin. Don't pick at pimples. Avoid touching your face unnecessarily - the oil on your fingertips belongs on your fingertips, not on your face. Moisturize and use sunscreen with at least a 15SPF every day all year long.

Here are some daily base beauty tips for teeth care, these beauty tips for teeth care surely improve your teeth.

Some Easy and Simple Beauty Tips For Teeth Care

A good smile attracts the everyone and increases value of face. Obiously beauty of your face is enhance when you smile but beauty of your face bouble if you have sparkling white teeth. Therefore, it is important that you take care of teeth with some beauty tips for teeth that make your smile so special.

If you want be smile with full confident then you have to learn some beauty tips for teeth care. It is very important to take care of your teeth since it helps prevent formation of plague around the gums of teeth causing tooth decay and inflammation of the gums. Following are a some Beauty Tips For Teeth that help keep your teeth sparkling clean and prevent tooth decay.

Some Practical Daily Routine Easy and Simple Beauty Tips For Teeth care:

*. Clean your teeth after eating by toothbrush and dental floss. Use a correct toothbrush, and brush and floss correctly.

* Brush your teeth twice daily or after every meal if possible.

* Always change your toothbrush after every 3 months.

* Use a mouthwash to make sure that your breath is fresh. Put a few drops in warm water and rinse your mouth after you clean your teeth in the morning.

* A good toothbrush is as important as the toothpaste. Hence it is important to choose shape and brand of toothbrush. A good one should have small angled head and soft to medium rounded bristles. This is important as it helps clean all those hidden areas of your teeth.

* Floss regularly to remove the plaque and food debris stuck between the teeth.

*. Don't use tobacco products; they can increase your risk of gum disease and cancer of the mouth and throat.

*. Don't chew on hard objects that could crack a tooth.

*. Don't ignore gums that bleed when you brush or floss or changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite.

These are some Beauty Tips For Teeth care to keeps your teeth healthy.

Here we have some some easy simple and natural quick beauty tips for your quick body care and makeup.

Apply Natural and Easy Quick Beauty Tips for Makeup Care

Sometime its happen we already getting late for office, meet or party according to schedule. But we should go without well makeup or perfect look. For those women who are crazy about their beauty we have here some quick beauty tips for such conditions...! There may be several beauty tips which you may be knowing but knowing is just not enough you need to know the proper way of implementing those quick beauty tips.

Some Easy Simple and Natural Quick Beauty Tips for Quick Makeup:

*. Quick beauty tips for glowing face, if you want quick fair and glowing skin then you can apply papaya on your skin for 2 min and wash with fresh water. Of course you get quick glow skin.

*. Warm (drinkable) some water and add lemon juice on it, and drink that warm water. This drink cleanses some of the impurities in your system.

*. First morning bath always with fresh water and put some drops of olive oil, it keeps your skin soften and fresh.

*. When washing or applying makeup to your face, always use upward motions. Downward rubbing motions can pull skin down, encouraging sagging skin.

*. If you want quick shine on your hairs. Mix some drops of lemon juice on a cup of water and put that water on hair just after the shampoo. This is the best quick beauty tips for quick shine on hairs.

*. Always use moisturizer just after the bath, this helps to keep your skin young.

*. If you feet burning and swelling around eyes, use few slices of a cucumber, raw potato slices , or chilled spoons for quick relax and cooling the eyes.

*. Is your skin perceptive or is looking aggravated or swollen? Sheer a sack of olive tea for few minutes, let it chill, and apply it on your skin. This therapy would help reduce the soreness.

*. If you want to get rid of a smudge turned out due to a pimple? Apply a small volume of toothpaste leave it for about 10 minutes so as to soak lubrication and then rinse with normal water. This Quick beauty tips surely help you.

*. Use lip balm for nails it moisturize your cuticles, try some natural lip balms.

In addition to being the best nutrition for your baby in its first year, nursing home apparently psychological benefits for mother and baby. At birth, infants see only 12 to 15 centimeters, the distance between the baby and the mother's face. Research has shown that children as young as 1 week prefer the smell of milk from her own mother.

Many women find they can eat what you are breast-feeding, such as. While certain foods may change, strongly favored the taste of your milk, many babies seem to enjoy the variety of flavors of milk. Sometimes the baby can have a bad feeling in the chest after eating certain foods. If you notice this happening, simply avoid that food in particular.

Most criminals Duing breastfeeding include chocolate, spices, citrus fruits, garlic, chili, lemon, soft vegetables and fruits with laxative type effects, such as plums and cherries. You can use one or two cups of coffee per day, although too much caffeine, your baby to sleep and to get hurt himself bad. Note that caffeine is in many soft drinks, tea found, and even the type of prescription drugs as well. It is good to even have a drink, although more than one drink can increase your level of alcohol in the blood by alcohol in breast milk.

If you have more of a glass at a time plan, it is advisable to wait two hours or more per drink before you continue any breastfeeding or nursing. No need to pump and dump, if your breasts are full and it is time to feed your child. While breastfeeding, any kind of excessive alcohol consumption are avoided. Before you leave out food from your diet, you should talk to your doctor. When you avoid certain foods and a nutrient imbalance, you may need a nutritionist for advice on interactions with other foods or dietary supplements see receive.

Scene hair or hair of youth "is very popular among teenagers hairstyles now, this hairstyle is cute when left alone, but is best when teasing. Nothing but excitement ...

There are a lot of air conditioners in the market to tell you that you can have shiny hair, if you use their products. One of the problems with the sponsorship of the light and air conditioning systems often leave ...

There are a lot of air conditioners in the market to tell you that you can have shiny hair, if you use their products. One of the problems with the sponsorship of the light and air conditioning systems often leave ..

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For decades, people were aware of only two ways to correct it: chemicals relax and Highland pressure. Each method has its own way in the burning of the skin. Chemical relaxers many links ...

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Beauty in your house! Again the benefits of the beauty salon in the comfort and privacy of your own home. Face is made for a deep-down cleaning and a marked improvement in skin tone.Just once a month will be a noticeable difference to your complexion.

* Wash your face with cleansing milk. Then take your soap-free facial wash and dot all over your face.

* Take a soap brush (the kind men use to shave) and move it over your face in a circular way. This is to stimulate the skin and improving circulation.

* Rinse with warm water and Pat your face dry.

* Light a light massage or Moisturizer cream in upward strokes all over your face. This will dissolve dead surface skin cells and leaves your skin softer and moother. It will also prepare your complexion for the favorable treatment to come.

* Prepare a solution of tea leaves and water in which the mint leaves and fenugreek seeds are added. Boil this solution and steam your face with it in a manner similar to take steam inhalation during a bad cold. Make sure the steam in all areas of your face. This serves as food for the skin as it is very nutritious and refreshing.

* Take a tissue and wipe out the moisture. This removes the dead cells and dirt from the skin.

* Apply a cold compress following to close the open pores. Take a tissue dipped in iced fruit juice (one that is suitable for your skin) and place the cloth on your face. Leave for 10 minutes. Smooth the delicate eye area under your eyes with a soothing eye cream to reduce fine lines and wrinkles, and makes the skin very soft

* After that, a face mask, facial mask powder and milk for dry skin and mask powder and rose water for oily skin - and apply all over your face and neck. Keep two of wet cotton swabs and rinse your eyes on the mask out of semi-dry or after 20 minutes.

Sometimes when a man shaves his beard or a woman shaves her "bikini parts"; hair, as it grows back, curls under and continues growing into the pores they are growing out of. That is an ingrown hair. Men call it razor bumps and lovers of SpongeBob know that in women it is called bikini bottom.

Men who do not shave frequently or young men just growing facial hair can suffer from this problem. Minorities with curly hair often suffer from this problem more than others. There are a few things that can be done to reduce or stop this annoying problem all together.

Preparation. You need to prepare the area that is going to be shaved. Heat the skin with a warm or hot towel. If you can't do that make sure you splash your face with warm water. This will condition and soften the skin in preparation to be shaved. Shaving cream was never designed to be applied to dry skin. Shaving in the shower is an ideal scenario.

Training. Training your hair for shaving. While there is stubble on your face or you still have a beard you can train your hair. Comb or brush your hair in the direction it grows and also shave your hair (facial or pubic) in that same direction. Hair usually follow the same growing pattern on everyone.

Hair Grows:

a. straight out from the chin.

b. down on the cheeks.

c. up below the Adams Apple and lower neck.

Blades. Your blades should always be sharp. Using more than one blade to get a really close shave can be detrimental because a really close shave can exacerbate the problem. Therefore it is beneficial to use a single manual blade. Staying away from electric shavers is a must for sufferers of ingrown hairs. The electric shaver can alter the direction the hairs grow back in.

Additionally, if you already suffer from razor bumps avoid shaving altogether for a few days. Continued shaving can cause infections.

Thank you for taking the time to read this article on Shaving And Ingrown Hairs. Please rate this article and leave any remarks you might have in the comment section.

Every person in this world looks different. Yes, there are identical twins, but they also don't look EXACTLY the same. One might be bigger than the other, or taller. Or one might have a bigger nose or big ears. This world is not made of people who are just white, or just black. Or all skinny or big. Or all male or female. This world is full of different people of different colors, sizes, and genders. Which obviously means, not everyone is the same.

This also means, that not every persons body is the same. We all know one common difference between a man and a woman. But, there are many differences within woman. And one difference is when a girl starts to become a woman. Not every girl starts "Maturing" at the same time.

I was seven years old when i started to mature. I had no idea what was happening to me because I hadn't been given "the talk" yet. I remember it like it was yesterday.I woke up and all of a sudden I had breasts. And I started my cycle. It happened over night. And it was the scariest thing. I didn't know what was going on at the time, that I thought I was about to die. My parents didn't think I would mature so young. But also, most girls start to mature around the ages of 10-13. But I started a bit too early.

Since I was 7 years old, my breasts have grown. From an A to a B. But in the last year, they have grown to a C and now I'm on the verge of a D. However, this has been the result of eating too much food. When people eat too much, they gain weight, and sometimes, their breasts get bigger. But, you should not do this. Because I want to loose all the weight that I have gained. And I will have to make a sacrifice, and that is the size of my breasts. But that's fine with me. This is something I am willing to risk loosing so I feel better about myself.

The size of a girls breasts is the least of a girls problems. Like I said earlier, every persons' body is different. And some mature faster than others. And yours breasts might continue to grow. But you shouldn't compare yourself to other girls. You shouldn't care about what others think. The only important thing in this world, is what you think about yourself.

Why do periods occur

Females have small organs called ovaries in the lower part of their abdomen. The ovaries lie either side of the uterus (womb). The ovaries start to produce female hormones in girls around puberty which cause changes to the lining of the uterus (womb). Every month during your period the lining of the womb is shed together with some blood.

The time between the start of one period and the start of the next is called the menstrual cycle. The average length of a menstrual cycle is 28 days, but anything between 24 and 35 days is common. During the cycle various changes occur in the body. These are caused by changing amounts of the female hormones at different times of the cycle. The menstrual cycle is split roughly into two halves.

The first half of the cycle is called the follicular or proliferative phase. The levels of the two main female hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, are low to start with and you shed the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). This causes a period (menstrual bleeding).

During this phase the ovaries are stimulated by hormones which are passed into the bloodstream from the pituitary gland (a gland near the brain). This causes some eggs in the ovaries to grow and mature in tiny fluid filled cavities called 'follicles'. The growing follicles produce oestrogen. Throughout the first half of the cycle the level of oestrogen in the bloodstream rises. One function of oestrogen is to cause the lining of the uterus to thicken (proliferate).

Ovulation occurs roughly half way through a cycle (about 14 days after the start of the period). This is when an egg is released into a fallopian tube from a follicle in an ovary. The egg travels along the fallopian tube into the uterus. The egg may be fertilised if you have recently had sex and there are sperm in the uterus.

The second half of the cycle is called the secretory or luteal phase. After ovulation, the follicle that released the egg makes a hormone called progesterone as well as oestrogen. Progesterone causes the lining of the uterus to swell, and be ready to receive a fertilised egg. If the egg is not fertilised, the levels of progesterone and oestrogen gradually fall. When they fall to a low level, they lose their effect on the uterus. The lining of the uterus is then shed (a period) and a new cycle then begins.

Normal periods:

Starting to have periods is part of growing up for girls. Periods usually start to occur around the same time as other changes happen to the body such as starting to develop breasts or grow pubic hair. The average age to start periods is 13, but it is normal to start anytime between the ages of 11 and 15. A small number of girls may start before or after this. Periods continue until the menopause which is usually between the ages of 45 and 55.

What happens during a period?

For several days each month there is blood loss from the vagina. The amount of blood loss varies from period to period, and from woman to woman. Some women have a dark scanty loss, some have a heavier loss which is a brighter red. Sometimes clots are passed, especially if the loss is heavy. Sometimes there are small flaky fragments in with the menstrual blood. A normal amount of blood loss each period is between 20 and 60 ml. (This is about 4 to 12 teaspoonfuls.) Bleeding can last up to eight days, but five days is average. The bleeding is usually heaviest on the first two days. Some pain in the lower abdomen ('period pain') is common and normal.

Do I have to avoid anything when I have a period?

Carry on as normal:

If you find the periods painful then try to keep busy as this often helps. You can go swimming, have a bath, etc. Periods are not 'dirty'; they are a normal part of a woman's life.

Sanitary towels or tampons?

It is probably best to use sanitary towels when periods first start. These are placed in your underwear to soak up the blood. Tampons, which are towels that you insert into the vagina to absorb the blood, can be more convenient and can be tried later when you are more used to periods. They need to be changed regularly.

Other effects of the female hormones

The female hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) have other effects which you may notice apart from causing periods. For example, the texture of the mucus in the vagina changes at different times of the cycle. The vagina tends to be drier, and the mucus more thick, in the first half of the cycle. Shortly after ovulation, when progesterone levels rise, the vaginal mucus becomes thinner, more watery, and slippery. It becomes thicker again towards the next period as the progesterone level falls.

Progesterone may also cause 'water retention' in various parts of the body. Your breasts may become slightly bigger or tender, and your abdomen may swell a little before a period. You may feel irritable before a period which is possibly hormone related. To have such symptoms before a period is normal. Sometimes the symptoms prior to periods can be more severe. This is then called 'pre-menstrual syndrome' or pre-menstrual tension.

Some symptoms relating to periods:

In general, if you have a change from your usual pattern that lasts several periods, it may be 'abnormal' It is best to see a doctor if this occurs.

Heavy periods:

This is common. It is difficult to measure blood loss accurately. Periods are considered heavy if they cause such things as: flooding, the need for double sanitary protection, soaking of bedclothes, passing clots, or if your normal lifestyle is restricted because of heavy bleeding. See your doctor if your periods change and become heavier than previously. There are various causes of heavy periods. However, in most women, the cause is unclear and there is no abnormality of the uterus or hormones. Treatment can reduce heavy periods, and is dealt with in more detail in another leaflet called 'Heavy Periods'.

Painful periods (dysmenorrhoea)

When periods first start they are usually painless. However, later on most girls notice an ache in their lower abdomen, back and tops of the legs, especially in the first few days of a period. The first two days are usually the worst. Some women have more pain than others. Painkillers or anti-inflammatory painkillers such as ibuprofen usually ease the pain if it is troublesome. Another leaflet called Painful Periods.

It is common to have some period pain. The cause of the pain in most women is not fully understood. Sometimes conditions such as endometriosis can make period pains become worse.

--------> The pain becomes gradually worse each period.

--------> Pain begins a day or more before the onset of bleeding.

--------> Pain is severe over the whole time of the period.

Bleeding at abnormal times:

If you have vaginal bleeding at times apart from your expected periods, you should see a doctor. This includes if bleeding occurs after you have sex, or after the menopause. There are various causes of bleeding between periods. One common cause is called 'breakthrough bleeding' which are small bleeds that occur in the first few months after starting the contraceptive pill. This usually settles over a few months.

Periods which stop (amenorrhoea)

Pregnancy is the most common reason for periods to stop. However, it is not uncommon to miss the odd period for no apparent reason. But, it is unusual to miss several periods unless you are pregnant. Apart from pregnancy, other causes of periods stopping include stress, losing weight, exercising too much (long distance runners etc), and hormone problems. As a rule, it is best to see a doctor if your periods stop for several months without explanation.

Also, see a doctor if your periods have not started at all by the age of 16.

Irregular periods

The interval between periods can vary in some women. Irregular periods may indicate that you do not ovulate every month, and the balance of the female hormones may be upset. See a doctor if your periods become irregular in your younger years. However, irregular periods are common in the few years leading up to the menopause.

Because that most of the people who are overweight are following the wrong weight loss tips, they are failing to lose weight; each person’s body works separately and therefore requires some incredibly separate strategies for losing weight.

Some Useful Weight Loss Tips

--> There are many folks offering weight loss tips, and some will work, but not all will work for you, and this is why it is so significant to consult with your doctor first, so that you can have help in deciding on what the best plan is for you.

--> The most reliable theme among the general weight loss tips given is that most diets do not work for long term weight loss. They may do well for the short term of things, but for a lifelong control of a person’s weight, a diet must be a lifestyle, and not a fad.

--> Eat right and exercises regularly and also remember that most calories are the same; a hundred calories in a small dish of ice cream is the same as a hundred calories in low calorie cookies.

--> Many people are constantly on a diet and for most of the time, after a certain period of time most of the weight comes back. On the other hand, those who take their weight seriously and who change their eating and exercise habits are those who will find themselves on a continuing wave of weight loss.

--> Losing weight is actually pretty simple: eat less calories than you burn. This translates into best weight loss tip you can basically ever been given, as it is the telling of the most basic fact in regards to weight loss.

--> You should also let your family know that you are trying to lose weight and ask for their support. As well, after letting them know, you probably will not be as willing to fail at your attempt.

************** Goal Setting *****************

You can even ask them for their own weight loss tips and get their aid in helping you with your goal. That’s another one of the important weight loss tips; goal setting. If you have ever heard someone say they are taking baby steps, there is most definitely a particular reason for it.

Setting a goal too high, for instance, usually leads to failure and disillusionment. Realistic goal setting does work if you set them one stage at a time. By setting short-term, attainable goals you are more likely to be successful and more willing in the sacrifices you’re making to keep going on your weight loss plan.

You may think that your fellow dieter lost 20 pounds in a month and so you should be able to as well, but one of the other most weight loss tips to remember is that you should never compare yourself to anyone else, especially in regards to the matter of dieting and weight loss.

Worry about yourself, and your own methods and goals, and this is what is truly important.

Considering the population explosion, increasing inflation and scarcity of resources, the family trends have shifted to nuclear families with number of children limited to one or two. Family planning refers to the natural and artificial birth control methods that allow you to control the size of your family and the gap between your children.

Advantages of Family Planning

Family planning helps you prevent conception and reduce the risk of pregnancy. The biggest advantage of family planning tools is that they save you from the hassles of pregnancy termination and abortion. Adopting a family plan directly effects a woman's health in a good way by preventing unwanted and unplanned pregnancies and subsequent abortions. Restricting the family size allows more resources for bringing up your children and sustaining a family in a balanced way. Adopting family planning methods helps couples to let their children have a more focused upbringing, better education and other amenities.

Family planning perspectives are being given serious thought worldwide, and so, important birth control FAQ are being referred more often than ever for effective family planning.

************ Tools of Family Planning **************

Family planning tools are broadly categorized into two : Natural Family Planning Methods & the Artificial Family Planning Methods.

Natural family planning is based on avoiding sexual intercourse during the fertile period of women. This method is based on physical signs of ovulation like basal body temperature and certain changes in mucus consistency.

Family Planning & AbortionArtificial family planning signifies various contraception methods that include hormonal methods like birth control pills and Norplant implant, barrier methods like condoms which act as foremost male contraception, cervical caps and diaphragms, and sterilization or permanent contraception. Another popular hormonal birth control method is the IUD (Intrauterine device). This is a small metal device which is inserted inside the uterus of women of reproductive age. IUD prevents unwanted pregnancy and is an effective birth control device.

Birth control effectiveness is an issue that is fast gaining importance nowadays. For those who are looking for more family planning information and knowledge on birth control methods, welcome to this complete family planning guide for all your queries, doubts and apprehensions about family planning.

Miscarriage is very common, and occurs in three out of every 10 pregnancies. Most miscarriages happen in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Having a miscarriage doesn't mean that you won't be able to get pregnant again, and most women go on to have a successful pregnancy in the future.

Symptoms of miscarriage

The most common symptom of miscarriage is vaginal bleeding. This can vary from light spotting to bleeding that is heavier than your period. You may also see blood clots, a brown discharge, or other tissue that isn't clearly identifiable.

You can often get cramping and pain in your pelvis or back. You may find that the usual symptoms of pregnancy, such as breast tenderness, feeling sick and having to pass urine more frequently than usual, stop unexpectedly.

Sometimes there are no symptoms and your miscarriage may only be discovered in a routine scan.

If you have vaginal bleeding at any time during pregnancy, you should contact your GP or midwife immediately for advice.

Causes of miscarriage

About half of all early miscarriages happen because of a problem in the way your genetic material (chromosomes) combined when your egg and your partner's sperm has joined during fertilization. You may never find out why this has happened, but it's more likely to be due to chance than to any underlying problem with either you or your partner.

Imbalances in pregnancy hormones, problems with your immune system, and some infections such as Listerine (Listeria infection) and malaria are also thought to make miscarriages more likely.

Miscarriages become more common as you get older, because egg quality decreases with age. If you drink alcohol while you're pregnant, your risk of having a miscarriage is higher. It's also higher with multiple pregnancies, such as twins. Smoking may increase the risk of miscarriage, so you should stop smoking during pregnancy.

There isn't enough evidence to show whether or not stress is a risk factor for miscarriage, but it's a good idea to take time during the day to relax.

Doing moderate exercise or having sex whilst you're pregnant doesn't increase your risk of miscarriage.

You're slightly less likely to have a miscarriage if you previously took the contraceptive pill.

Often you won't know what has caused your miscarriage. If you have already started to miscarry there is very little that can be done to prevent it.

Treatment of miscarriage

If your miscarriage is complete, you won't usually need any further treatment. For an incomplete or missed miscarriage or when you have a lot of bleeding, you may need treatment with medicines or surgery to remove the remaining pregnancy tissue, although some women may prefer to let nature takes its course (this is called expectant management).

Expectant management is linked with an increased risk of bleeding, whereas surgical treatment carries a slightly increased risk of infection.

Weight Gain in Pregnancy

In normal pregnancy, variable amount of weight gain is a constant phenomenon. In early weeks the patient may loose weight

because of nausea and vomiting. During subsequent months, weight gain is progressive until the last one or two weeks, when the weight remains static.

The total weight gain during the course of a normal pregnancy averages from 11 Kg. (24 lb) to 12.5 kg. (27.5 lb). The fetal weight gain at term is distributed as follows.

1. Reproductive weight gain: 6 Kg.

(A) Foetus - 3.3 Kg, Plcenta - 0.6Kg, Liquor - 0.8 Kg.

(B) Uterus - 0.9 Kg and Breasts - 0.4 Kg.

2. Net maternal weight gain: 6 Kg.

(A) Increase in blood volume - 1.3 Kg.

(B) Increase in extracellular fluid - 1.2 Kg.

(C) Accumulation of fat(mainly) and protein - 3.5 Kg.

Recommended weight gain for

--> Underweight women - 12.5 to 18 Kg. (28 to 30 lb)

--> Normal weight woman - 11.5 to 16 Kg. (25 to 35 lb)

--> Overweight woman - 7 to 11.5 Kg (15 to 25 lb)

Water is the chief component of the net weight gain. The amount of water retained during pregnancy at term is estimated to be 6.5 litres.

Weight gain is 0.7 lb/week in early months of pregnancy (0 -20 weeks) and 1 lb/week in later months of pregnancy (20-40 week). Weight gain is distributed to approximately 1 Kg in first trimester and 5 Kg each in second and third trimester.

Rapid gain in weight of more than 0.5 kg (1 lb)/ week or > 2 Kg (5 lb) a month in later months of pregnancy warrants investigation as it may be an early manifestation of toxemia of pregnancy.

Stationary or falling weight / low weight gain is suggestive of low birthweight / preterm infant or intrauterine death of the foetus. It could also be due to poor nutrition of the mother.

Excessive weight gain is linked to large for gestational age infants and is associated with an increased caesarean delivery rate.

Not all the weight put on during pregnancy is lost during and immediately after delivery. The normal woman who gains 12.5 kg in pregnancy is about 4.4 kg (9 lb) above her Pre-pregnant weight after delivery.

Nipples and Areola:

The nipples become larger, erectile and deeply pigmented.

Secretions:

Secretions can be squeezed out of the breast at about 12th week which becomes sticky. Later on by 16th week, it becomes thick and yellowish.

Exercise In Pregnancy

In general, it is not necessary for the pregnant woman to limit exercise, provided she does not become excessively fatigued or risk injury to herself and her fetus. Well-conditioned women who perform aerobics or run regularly were found to have shorter active labors and fewer cesarian deliveries and less fetal distress. However, continuation of regular aerobic and running exercise programs results in reduced birth weight of the baby.

It is recommended that light exercise like walking, moving her limbs & back is good for pregnant worman. The women who are accustomed to aerobic exercises before pregnancy can be allowed to continue this with less intensity and no new aerobic exercise should be started.

In some cases of complicated pregnancy, the mother is not advised exercise but she may benefit from rest. Like, multiple pregnancy, pregnancy induced hypertension, heart disease and women suspected of having a growth retarded fetus.

Diet In Pregnancy

Diet is very important in pregnancy to maintain health status of the mother and to ensure proper growth of the fetus. Pregnant women should be advised:

--> To eat what she wants in amounts she desires and salted to taste.

--> Make sure that there is ample food to eat.

--> By serially weighing every pregnant mother that she is gaining weight. Ideal gains in pregnancy are 22-27 pounds.

--> Periodically, explore the food intake by dietary recall to uncover the ingestion of any bizarre diet.

Nutrients in the diet:

Pregnant should take adequate amount of calories, milk and milk products, high protein sources like pulses, eggs, paneer (cottage cheese) and green leafy vegetables and fruits like banana, apple, grapes, etc. for vitamins and iron and minerals.

Breat Feeding

Breast feeding practice is followed everywhere in India, except among higher socio- economic groups, who tend to look for alternatives to breast-feeding. Ignorance of the advantages of breast-feeding and the proper method often leads to discontinuation in most cases.

Basic Facts:

* The ability of the breasts to produce milk diminishes soon after childbirth, without the stimulation of breast-feeding.

* The immunity factors in breast milk can help the body fight off infections.

* Breast milk contains vitamins, minerals and enzymes, which aid the baby’s digestion.

* Breast and formula feeding can be used together.

Advantages of breast-feeding.

--> It is the simplest way to feed the baby.

--> It increases the period of lactation amenonhoes after childbirth.

--> Breast milk also contains infection-fighting anti-bodies from the mother.

--> Breast feeding in the initial 4- months of the baby’s life reduces the chances of infection and increases the immunity of the baby.

--> The amino acids in breast milk, the building blocks of proteins, are well balanced for the baby. These proteins best aid the baby’s intestinal tract.

--> The emotional bonding between the baby and mother is strengthened & gives a feeling of satisfaction and achievement to the mother.

--> It is much cheaper than artificial feeding.

The baby should be put to the breast as soon as possible after birth. The initial yellowish and thick fluid (colostrum) is rich in proteins and protective antibodies. The practice of giving ghutti should be discouraged, because the nourishment of the baby is delayed, increasing chances of infection and delaying the stimulation for milk production.

Fertility awareness’ means that a woman learns how to tell when the fertile time of her menstrual cycle starts and ends. This fertile time is the time when she can become pregnant.

A woman can use several methods to determine when her fertile time begins and ends:

--> Calendar calculation:

A woman can count calendar days to identify the start and end of the fertile time. The number of days depends on the length of previous menstrual cycles.

--> Cervical secretions:

When a woman sees or feels cervical secretions, she may be fertile. Can be just a sense of vaginal wetness.

--> Basal body temperature:

A woman’s resting body temperature goes up slightly around the time of ovulation (release of an egg), when she could become pregnant.

--> Feel of the cervix:

As the fertile time begins, the opening of the cervix feels softer, opens slightly and is moist. When she is not fertile, the opening is firmer and closed. (This is seldom used as the only sign.)

To tell when the fertile time starts, she can use calendar calculations and cervical secretions. To tell when the fertile time ends, she can use BBT, cervical secretions and calendar calculations.

Deciding about Fertility Awareness-based Methods

How do they work?

Fertility awareness helps a woman know when she could become pregnant. The couple avoid pregnancy by changing their sexual behavior during the fertile days. They can:

--> Abstain from vaginal intercourse:

Avoiding vaginal sex completely during the fertile time. Also called periodic abstinence and Natural Family Planning.

--> Use barrier methods:

Condoms, diaphragm and spermicide, or spermicide alone.

--> Use withdrawal:

Taking the penis out of the vagina before ejaculation. This is also called ‘coitus interrupts’ and ‘pulling out’. Or the couple can have sexual contact without vaginal intercourse.

Why do a Breast Self Examination?

Breast self examination has been universally accepted by the experts as a very simple, significant and effective method of early detection of Breast cancer. As with all other types of cancer early detection and a high index of suspicion are the keys to combating the menace of cancer.

Remember Its Simple Its Effective

When to do a Breast Self Examination?

* Breast Self Examination is done monthly.

* The time is 7-10 days from the expected start of the first day of your next period.

* It is to be done on the same day even when you are not menstruating.

How to Do it...

Use the left hand for the right breast and right and for the left. Apply firm pressure and make small circles as you go back or forth (up or down, circular or spoke style) in a pattern covering all the breast area including the nipple.

* Breast Examination Stage 1Stand in front of a mirror and look at each breast separately. Note the size, shape, color, contour and direction of your breasts and nipples. Has there been any change in size? Has any nipple become turned in or is there any discharge or any change in the texture of the skin?

* Breast Examination Stage 2Raise your arms over your head and look at your breasts, as you turn slowly from side to side. Any swelling or puckering of the skin?

* Breast Examination Stage 3Lean forward and examine each breast for change in outline or dimpling of the skin.

* Breast Examination Stage 4Now, lying down, using the pads of your three middle fingertips feel for any lumps or bumpy areas.

* Breast Examination Stage 5Extend the examination to the breast tissue in the underarm. Keep moving your hand across the nipple till you feel you have felt all parts of the breast.

* Breast Examination Stage 6Feel for lumps under and along the top of the collar bone. Change your hand and repeat BSE on the opposite breast.

What are the warning signs of Breast cancer?

* Lump or thickening (breast, underarm)

* Dimpling or puckering of the skin.

* Bloody or spontaneous discharge from nipple.

* A sore on the breast that does not heal.

* Unusual pain Itch or rash, especially in nipple area.

* Retracted nipple.